Pullfox

Odds and math

Lane Mercer

Lane writes Pullfox's guides on pull rates, odds and expected value, and builds the calculators that go with them. Lane works on Pullfox's product and data, and checks every number in these guides against the odds that sites actually publish. Off the clock, Lane collects board games and video games.

Covers: what 1 in N really means, expected value and what a fair pack looks like, the cost of a session. Our writers are members of the Pullfox team and write under pen names. How we write our guides.

How to read pull rates

"1 in 400 packs" doesn't mean what most people think. Where pull rates come from, how to read them, and how many packs a hit really takes.

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Pack expected value explained

How to work out a pack's expected value from its odds table, what a good EV looks like, and why the sell-back rate matters just as much.

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Pack odds calculator

Enter a pack's price, odds table and sell-back rate. See its expected value, what you get back and what a session costs.

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Chase odds calculator

Your chance of pulling a 1-in-N card over any number of packs, and how many packs it takes to be 50%, 90% or 95% sure.

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